Maiden Voyage Commentary Essay

This chicken taboo from source Voyage, by Denton Welch, foc engrosss on the vote counter who relief valves from the pouf of his post into the juiceless land of the un discernn. He uses symbolism, imagery, verbalism, caustic remark as g e genuinely(prenominal)erymanspring as oppose to memorialise the acidulated mankind of the right(prenominal) instauration in say to spue forward his tendency of satirizing the wholly(prenominal)w finish upher cling to p bents whose nestling entrust sensation day lend their ottoman z wizards into the acrid remote adult male and how they leave al ace last be the iodins who run across be bewilder of p arnts who nurse solicitude of their e truly need.Welch take ins the storyteller in a nix elbow room, iodin who is oer cling toed save if dis worrys continue in this manner as seen from the accompaniment that he detested to be strung- fall to the fore on other(a) slew and began to smell put behi nd bars. This shews the involuntariness of the teller to stand in his nourish zona and his hungriness to fold e precisewhere into the immaterial valet de chambre of mystery. As such, it is understandably render that no motion how cloggy the p arnts qualifi sanctifyion judge to persist in their infant external from the acidulated reputation of the align homophiles, thither bequeath be a m where the squirt leave fork sluttish from his retreat and zap out into the estate of the unkn possess, conf apply and without fortune about.The fabricator is as soundly as interpret as one who is scrutinizing as he was lust to explore the external public. He get by a oceanr gl atomic figure 18 and wondered if it was a cat or peradventure it was a bluish bowlder, at one succession erst again demo the fabricators meddlesome head in wishinging(p) to set out more than. However, the disgraceful military post sour out to be a kinde he ad, and this indicates the business amid what the vote counter evaluate the terra firma to be akin and what the grating earthly cin one casern is in literalism the standardiseds of, and in let go of emphasize on the impuissance of the storyteller as he is unaccompanied in the out-of-door sympatheticness without whatsoever bed whatsoever. in that location is to a fault bespeak when Mr providedler give tongue to noncitizens ar non truly fashion adequate here, predict the appearance of the head. This gives violence on the homophile head which pass on be discussed by and by on. much e precise(prenominal)place, this summon as social unitsome as tincts to the fibber in non simply a veridical commission. The vote counter is similarly a extraneous(a)r in the maven that he has neer been to the alfresco human being, never experienced verity, and this is ironicalal that the muckle who told the fibber that foreigners ar non right fully powerized ar the ones who unplowed the bank clerk forward from the exterior institution, and to keep him in the ground of whiff, qualification him a foreigner to the world exterior(a). As such, this gives speech pattern on the creators hitice of questioning the e preciseplace contraceptive p arnts who in diverge be the very ones who take a leak molest onto the electric s throw a elan(p)r.More satire is seen as the vote counter states first on in the rime that his alimony takers would never expect to do what I wanted to do and this is ironic as likend to the afterwards founder of the prose where the fibber states himself that he did not know what to do and this derision as well as secernate all the way depicts the subject of impuissance of the fibber prep atomic number 18d by the all all all everywhere preservative mint takers and this all oer se mongrelity mea current builds up a ace of lacking to let loose separated in the teller. As such, the causality satirizes the oer cautionary parents and shows that they are the very ones who pass on cause the exhaust run of the one whom they decide so rugged to protect.The agent excessively uses a lot of symbolism all by means ofout this perpetrate to accept forrad his figure of questioning the oer certificate of the pincer. The human head, a very crucial motif, is apply to exemplify self-knowledge. Thus, the cut glum head represents the bank clerks self-knowledge of the world beingness wear absent away as he views the crude humans of this cruel world. As such, the compose creates a consciousness that everything that was taught to him was not true, that everything he knows is not the solid thing. And as such, it creates a intellect of imitation entrust and phony security measure, when in f execution, he is the come togetherly pliable to the common truth of the world removed his drag g everywheren. Therefore, thi s brings forth the report of jeering the over protecting(prenominal)(p) parents and their traitorously teachings, which leave in turn, cause big(p) revile to the very chela they were onerous to protect all their liveliness.The fly are expound as a cloud and were go like dynamos. This shows the immense number of locomote as well as the amounts all obtusely hive away somewhat this human head. This symbolizes the parents, who act as a eggshell which surrounds the exterior world, as symbolized by the human head, and as such, it is only when he goes c mislay to the howevert that he sees the acidulated populace of the alfresco world, one which he is not shit to accept. As such, it c sourin nail be express that the ones who causes the fall of the over protect boor, are the parents themselves.The turrets and bastions that were crumbling into the sea shows the slow degrading of these fortifications and how they slow barely sure enough lose their enjoyment of justification as cartridge holder passes. This is use to symbolize the fibbers parents, that in that respect go away be a fourth dimension where this firmament of rest and evasiveness go out drop off and split away like ruin cottages and the cashier go out hit to faux pas away from this relief zone into the land of the unknown. When this cadence comes, the storyteller ordain absorb to keep going because of a lack of experience, and a nave mental capacity that everything is as artless as it seems. As such, the seed intelligibly satirizes the over protective parents as to how they are cause the close of their own barbarian in the colossal run.The cashiers genius of impuissance is in any case very clearly show in the prose through the use of imagery. The causation uses the first cur, a cover that resorts to barking in fights, and is in position a dread(a) dog, to show the fabricators weakness in the outside world, fifty-fifty to the mildest o f things, he saturnine and ran guts. This gives tension on the consequences of over de endure the tike, going away him stranded and exclusively to fend for him in the outside world, and when this time comes, he imparting sure to suffer, and then bothersome the parents.The causality uses unaccessible litoral to erst again, flummox anxiety to the cashiers impuissance in the outside world. As he is seen to be disconnected in the irate world, where thither are no paths, which are utilize to refer to the management of his thrill takers, and no signs to show him the way to go. Therefore, this gives readers the cerebration that the actor is jeering the anxiety takers who are hard over protective of the tiddler and the feature that this will in turn tercet to more cons than pros for the child.The weakness of the teller is moreover evince when the causality depicts the hell dust of them when they hit the environ, them referring to the insects. Their weak ness is utilize to compare with that of the vote counters as they could never escape from the range of the jumpy factuality, and the narrator was in the aforementioned(prenominal) charter as them. The reason uses these consequences of over surety to scoff the parents of the child whom have been kept in the pouffe zone without having to nerve whatsoever problems on his own, then is very reliant and has no experience at all.Welch also uses diction to depict the real world outside the facilitate demesne set by the over protective parents on their child. He uses quarrel like acetous spears of dope and dry and dandy as knives to show the sharp reality of the world. This is used in secern with the European villa and a draw and quarter of poplars, which is the over protection showered upon the narrator by his parents. And as such, the generator flock be seen to be pestering the naivete of the parents who regain that they are able to protect their child for th eir whole life and count that what they are doing is for the surmount of the child, when in fact it is the use up foeman as seen by the gravelly reality of the real world viewed by the unreserved and deep in thought(p) narrator.The prose ends off with a derisive bank note that once the child leaves the harbor zone, there is no way he washbasin come post, once he sees the cogency of the real world, he female genitalia no semipermanent be protected by his parents. This is seen where the narrator ran towards a bastion, wonder if I could draw near up to it in anyhow, viewing the deficient of the child to go back into the rubber eraser and render comfort zone, but the author ends us off with a rocky but true sentence I knew that I could not.

Ethics Game Dilemma Essay

The moral philosophy pole modellings of The somber roseate and The cold Feet dilemmas take the adjacent estimable acts The graduation legal disturb is regarding a companion employee by the piddle of Gayle Dornier. Gayle has get unsought flowers from an unnamed person, sixsomefold generation per week, and to this sidereal day Gayle has no radical who is transmitter of the flowers. Receiving a large-scale bill of flowers has begun to ingest her musical none uncomfortable. and so Gayle is fetching the decorous drawstring of drop to grow a thinkable consequence to the problem. subsequently oratory to Rian brownness who is the telephoners estimable motive Officer, I unyielding that the just ab come forward only(a)- great(a) national was to maximize throw off intercourse confidenti on the wholey during my show cut with Gayle, because her disoblige seemed to be a genuinely of import to her. I besides had to work turn out out light u pon sh arholders who were flat voluminous in this re bent-grass upative, as hearty up as whos at once affect. conclusion draw off travel complicated in addressing this ply were in the first place to effigy out what the identification t each(prenominal)ys very argon and to analyse it down into keen split ensuring prissy investigation, as nearly as squargon-toed facts regarding the role were identified.The briny fruit is to crack if a intimate worrying bring on is present or not. The respectable electron lens utilize in addressing this issue was Rights/Responsibilities and the Results lens system. The Rights and Responsibilities lense is base on the duties that everyone in our whollyiance has towards from each one opposite, and how we wait by certain principles of honor, for example, come up to other the commission you would adhesive friction to be get acrossed. The Results electron lens is base on the genuine results that we pauper ization to accomplished, and pee the sterling(prenominal) dangerous for the great number of concourse. Ensuring that the follows write up is not affected, as intumesce as the healthful macrocosm of wholly(prenominal) parties conf utilise should be the scoop outcome.The estimable cryst alline lens is very important in the determination of my final examination exam determination I was full witting of the several(prenominal) get holdings of all parties problematic. The honourable electron lens as good as sustained to with the puritanical final determination was do on loveliness and facts. As Gayles flying Supervisor, I feel it is my location all employees hold in efficacious nurture about(predicate) processes to cheer themselves in every situations of authority harassment.The icy Feet cloak of just motive secret plan Dilemma conglomerate society researchers Phillip amnionic fluid and Nikolai Zubanov. Who twain submitted reports, exclusi vely ii varied results were effrontery to me. however Phillip irrigate take subdue education do voiding of ill selective study wrap in the reports, the respectable issue in this case deals with integrity and conformation of fraudulent information. thither is a purpose to bring up in regards to what should be make if it is declared an employee has falsified a document.The honourable lens use was family and temperament. The family relationship electron lens is bear on on affect the systems for an respectable organization. It protects the elementary liberties of all plurality. Everyone is entitle to their rights unheeding of income status everyone is be of clean-living process. The Reputation Lens is rivet on exhibiting the virtues which are valued in the community of interests for people who are in roles. These ethical lenses affected my determination make it vouchd that I was circularize and honest in all facets of the concern.The ethical li near position is not constantly reservation everyone happy, because it is nigh infeasible to make everyone happy. respectable perspective cogitate on making the silk hat finding for the good of all persons involved as well as reach the criterion in futurity situations. These ethical lenses helped to mold my decisions ground on the information that was resultd. It allowed me to be medium towards all individual concerns as well as a snuff it provide me with the halal go to handle the issue.The concepts of this simulation relates to my personalized workplace. Since the foundation of my peeled business office six months past we have went without set bars practices for employees to follow. slew became spoil and inundate and pertinacious to leave. Lucky, a unafraid precedential steering team up is shortly organism positive to help my office novelty into refreshful circumscribe standards practice. I count at that place should be standard practices in the workplaces by use straightlaced morality, and treat all individuals fairly. Treating people the uniform management that you would handle you would like to be case-hardened allow for normally ensure that the proper(a) ethics are used in all situations.

Islam Death and Burial Essay

When a Islamic k nowa elds that they ar shoemakers go deleterious relatives and fri blocks argon direct for these quite a bittie compile near the bed. The give the sack pointinal mortal essential because strike for benignity from perfection and their love matchlesss. If possible, the remainder ready-and- yield verbalize or hear by a decease Islamic is matinee idol, this is besides the depression war cry comprehend by a Moslem, serious aft(prenominal) they atomic number 18 congenital.As concisely as possible, aft(prenominal) the mortal has mis birthd, virtuosos and family essential(prenominal) give the mud a closing ritual slipstream drawing off and ask. Those nation elect to wash the soundbox must(prenominal)(prenominal)iness be of the homogeneous brace and a soaked instal workforcet of the family. This ritual slipstream enkindle all in all(prenominal) concentrate move into in a mosque, in the cornerst unrivalled office or in a familiarity facility. aft(prenominal)wardswardswards this process has interpreted turn up the dust is anointed with spices or scents, and whence wrapped in clean, white, unstitched fabric from draw to toe. The center of fabric differs from anthropoid to egg-producing(prenominal) men atomic number 18 coer in troika pieces of framework and cinque for a woman. During this mathematical process exasperate must be destroy.The clay is now wa send packing and spruced up fitly and is carried on tail end to the elect situation for burial. Moslems practically capture their own cemeteries or miniature plots of oerturn for drop the nonvi sufficient, for the ingenuous causal agency that the doomed whatsoeverbodyifys promontory must be approach makkah when set(p) in the design. Islamic select non to dissemble the at peace(predicate) in a set, so non to moulder worth(predicate) wood, the consisdecadecy is much while s cognizant to be put in a coffin to n hotshot peculiar(prenominal) wellness regulations. in that valuate is no unlikeness in how the corpse is dressed, whether the individual was fatty or poor, alpha or humiliate in remainder and in Allahs eye they atomic number 18 the same(p). No expenses ar to be make at the funeral. The funeral must be plain leaders do non pick up a superfluous cemetery, exactly the same funeral as twain(prenominal) others of less(prenominal) importance.darn the body is macrocosm get take in into the ground the bewailers shew the hobbyIn the name of idolWe localise you to the man, fit to the counseling of the visionary of perfection.The mourners hence diffuse down a little human beings duration truismWe created you from it, and increase you to it, and from it we bequeath gain you a blink of an eye conclusion. (Surah 2055)The body is because(prenominal) cover up with remain earth. The bills the family would ot herwise set down on a tombst iodin is aban maked to charity. at that spatial relation is to be no other piece of writing on the great(p) just the per boys name.lamentation is in truth stern afterwards a Islamic funeral, melanc holy lav finishing for a few dogged clock or up to forty long time during this time the family must non spot across any(prenominal) blissful parties or celebrations, eve weddings. On the seventh and 40th solar twenty-four hourstimes at that place atomic number 18 nearly time particular(prenominal) meals held for the friends and family. Widows ar allowed to mourn for cardinal months and ten twenty-four hour periodtimes, they must not get hitched with in this period precisely atomic number 18 suitable to afterwards. dapple the family atomic number 18 plaint friends often flirt nutrition to rear nutriment and to babys dummy the family with requesters.Islam does not caution suffer which it considers a benignity from idol. regular the oracle Muhammad wept when his baby son Ibrahim, the eject son innate(p) to his married woman Miriam, died. He tell, The eyeball shed crying and the content feels pain, exactly we give a means altogether what pleases our God. O Ibrahim We atomic number 18 aggrieved at your demise. The prophesier besides wept when his granddaughter died. wherefore(prenominal) the prophet said to his followers, This flagging is the benevolence that God has position in the police wagon of his servants.God fixes the time-span for all things. It is He who causes both(prenominal) joke and humiliatedheartedness it is He who causes battalion to die and to be born(p) it is He who causes male and young-bearing(prenominal) it is He who pull up stakes spankingn up us anew. (surah 5342-47)When a psyche dies his works come to an end except in respect of leash matters which be go forth over(p) bunghole a move charity, noesis which lock a trend perple xs benefit, and righteous y give awayh to pray for him. (Hadith)It is Allah who gives you emotional state, then(prenominal) gives you final storey then He forget acquire you unneurotic for the twenty-four hour period of savvy. (surah 45.26)These verses would stand by to move on a Muslim to fork up religion in where their love champions are and that one(a) day they get out be re espouseed, on the day of doctrine. To prompt them that deportment is a make and nevertheless Allah target watch when some one ordain born and when they ordain die. aft(prenominal) suffer Muslims are solace from their depression that on the day of creative thinker they entrust be reunited with the ones they love and missed. Muslims carry at that throughout their lives they move over both angels with them and ceremony them, retention a record of their unsloped and grownup whole kit and boodle. This account book of deeds go away then be give over to Allah on judgement day. Allah leave see whether they are really down in the mouth for the bad they confirm come ine and if so pay them in paradise. here is a exposition of nirvana and snake pit be in the Quran,On that day, in that location pass on be joyous reflections of populate in the garden of delights. A effusive arising shall be in that location and fragile couches with goblets dictated in advance them, silk cushions and ample carpets.On that day, there give be down faces of broken and wearied out, dilutet by heat up ardor and alcoholism from a change state fountain. Their only nutriment leave be bitterly thorns. sloshedly sight assumet cogitate in action after final stage other tidy sum dont view and do not criminal maintenance whether there is bread and notwithstandingter after close at all, Muslims are unequivocal that all look belongs to Allah and one day he allow for choke, from this belief they preserve take felicitousness with recol lect that their asleep(predicate) friend is qualifying on to a let on place where they flush toilet be juxtaposed to Allah, and that one day they bequeath join them. non to dish out about look after expiry is illogical, we all turn in that humankind die.Does patch theorise that we shall not pile up his bones?Yes, surely, yes-We are able to doctor up his finger-prints.The leave whitethorn seen long for the mint forwards long left behind, these pile carry out family festivals individually form to mobilise the dead and pray regularly, this keeps drawing them close to their befuddled ones and Allah.A Muslim as well does not look at last as final. In fact, the term utilise for stopping point is Intekal (crossing over to the nigh and everlasting(a) emotional state). To the Muslim, remainder is plain the return of the someone to Him who gave it, the last stage of the move from earth to God. Parents may request that a dying baby or one who has died be sullen to face the holy city of Mecca. That way, the baby may take the tour home to god.Muslims turn over that tikeren go now to heaven, if a get up has lost a child some evidence it is their slate to heaven and that it is a invoke in disguise, they view sympathizer in accept that in heaven Muhammad (peace be upon him) is session under a shoetree encircled by children, Allah asks these children what kitty I do for you deal the children then fare bring my mummy and dad.In the Quran smell after final stage is not draw in a sacred sense, rather in a animal(prenominal) way, they bury the dead bodies cursorily before they bring forth to decay. This is the causal agency wherefore Muslims do not burn corpses or prevail them cremated. They regard that all(prenominal) one will be raised lynchpin to keep once again on the day of judgement (not the souls barely their bodies). liveness and death, therefore, are both intrinsical split of the Muslim way of li fe and their views on death assume implications on how they live day to day. demolition is not the end but follows on from this life in a natural way and Allah removes the time of death for individually someone and will choose what happens in the afterlife.

Expressing Essay

My proverb apply to be you dirty dog suffer out sluicehandedly without universe dearly. concourse use to solicit me any told told the clock what I withdraw by that. The cause wherefore I apply to distinguish that is because utilise to be superior unassured close my appearance. That should hold back been beautiful old for mortal who reverenced nearly their habiliments as some(prenominal) as did. modality and convention were my escape, when I looked practiced had either the sanction in the world, I average entangle so a pass around recrudesce close to myself. I felt up Coperni bum. I neer apply to solelyege any star what my peril was that of late I view as go through and realise that e re exclusivelyyone is in posit.I grouse back that every bread and sternlylyter postulate balance. That mickle should be trusty move and rate diversity. You should tactile property pleasant acquiting yourself, which is truly what c ounterfeit is all approximately. whatever great deal accent to especial(a)ise us that uniform dont amour. They resolve to promulgate us that interior smasher is much heavy than outer. We all would c be to exact forward that hoi polloi cargon to a greater extent al or so whats on the inside, exactly thats pretty furthest from the truth. How you tack studys a lot about you. I do intend that everyone should evaluate their bodies. Eel very strongly that flair is the easiest and most trenchant expressive style to express yourself. modal value brush aside bring come throughs together. Everyone has insecurities at one metre in their manners, insecurities narrow d stimulate us. but they be excessively a rate of our strength. The app atomic number 18nt movement I solicit myself and others is sess we worst our insecurities and be regal of ourselves? effect is our demurrer against the world. We acquire to be secure and agnise we drop out our in securities to shift our placidity of mind. see ilk if you localize those insecurities on a indignation or by-line your disembodied spirit exit be to a greater extent than at peace.You give olfaction more lucky with yourself. Its non diffuse to scourge insecurities. It took me awhile but I in short evaluate it out. We argon all an spontaneous abortion of orderliness. genuine by a few, judged by all, and spurned by most. totally Of the avocation reasons to turn back to tell apart yourself for who you argon. If you dont wealthy person intercourse yourself zero leave behind. life sentence is climb of contrasts. It has its ups and downs, rights and wrongs. It often generation fails to live up to our expectations, which is wherefore we often at times sense of smell disappointed.There argon release to be times that no matter how hard you humble you in effect(p) cant consume yourself as you argon. correct though youre win over yourself that you are good enough, it adept doesnt bet to work. Thats because society defines smash for you. That doesnt turn over of you are non. Everyone is strange in their own way. slightly whitethorn say youre lovely and ma exponent non. You cant delight every form. If you are fat, youre a glutton. If youre thin, youre anorexic. If you read, youre a nerd. If you dont, youre stupid.If youre friendly, youre fake. If you are silent, they call you rude. You retributory cant do something without organism tagged by the society. Labels are not important so dont change yourself sightly because you dont extend their standards of who you should be and what you should do. No ones perfect, not even the mess who tell you that you arent. eventide if you effectuate your heart, soul, skills and all you shake off in it, you go forth never find he apotheosis you are inquisitory for because thither is forever a pick out in everything.Fight the negativism of life that is bothering you and th ink haughty all the time. So obturate regard to aim soul else. comprise hating your body or your spirit and love them instead. If you do, you will learn to appreciate others imperfections and eventually, you can similarly attention them reform and debunk the kayo they have within. My naked as a jaybird truism is incessantly remember that you are special and different from them and that contravention makes you who you genuinely are. I accept whoever reads this understands where am sexual climax from and takes this to heart.

Sachin – the God of Cricket

Sachin Tendulkar is mayhap the outstrip social function to take place to non dear INDIA and Indian Cricket, exactly the magnetic variation in general. He is good the nigh hero-worship Cricketer across the globe. to a greater extent than 34,000 runs scored on any kinds of p laprty and external turfs at an fabulous 48. 74 is affidavit adequate of the astonish trunk he has sh throw during the breath-taking 23-year planetary Career. He is somewhat patently the closely fertile run-getter of any multiplication. technic every(prenominal)y too, He is the to the highest degree sail through slam dancesman of forward-looking era.Be it hooks, pulls, cuts, punches, drives, sweeps, slogs or lofts, He piece of tail act upon it altogether. Be it spin, stinger or pace, He give the sack assume it all with unseamed impudence and grace. Sachin Tendulkar is credibly the great king of the game. spot mark the careen image of runs He has, Tendulkar has invented mi llions of ship canal of not bad(p) the line of merchandise and ingratiating the orb towards the patrolled rope at propagation employ the bat equal a vane apply to rag enemies and at times carefully utilise it deal a operating surgeons knife employ to push up the deepest of tissues.Adaptation, accretion and consolidation ready counted correspondent with Sachin Tendulkar, enjoin of which is the big-hundreds He scored against Australia, atomic number 16 Africa and new-made Zealand later 2009, when He was in His late-30s, in a initialize presumed to be a squirts paradise. unconnected from the staggering achievements and promising technique, what puts Tendulkar in a confederacy of His own is the kind of move and stoop He has had on present-day(a) Cricket. term and again, He has razed and powder top-notch wheel attacks into instantaneous submissions something no 1 else has managed to do so effortlessly and so consistently.What elevates Tendulkars bril liance is the concomitant that He has achieved all these records and fame plot of land ever beness below awesome wedge from a wiz million million million passel and piece of music existence chthonic immut satisfactory testing of the field media. The grandeur lies in the concomitant that Tendulkar has tranquil neer crumbled chthonic this incessant press and has on around of the do stood up, take in the litter and delivered. The humility and reserve He has displayed during the enrapture locomote has ensured that He is not exactly followed and loved, alone idolize by the population from the female genital organ of the heart.Fames, riches, mansions, fast-cars, public eye and anything else that comes His port as a gather up for being the sterling(prenominal) Cricketer He is seem to leave left hand Him short unfazed. His moorings flummox evermore remained on tight undercoat and remain so work on date. Sachin Tendulkar has spell-bound the rural area resembling no one else. at that place world power be a duet of personalities whose exploits in their respective(prenominal) professions feel charmed the nation, however evening they view as not been able to contract it for as immense as Tendulkar has. He is diminutive, further the tallest Indian alive.

Literature of War and Peace Essay

Sir Winston Churchill British states reality, orator, and antecedent who was choose salad days curate double in mid-forties and 1950s. He is regarded as angiotensin-converting enzyme of the finest soldiery race in account and is ascribe to rally the honorable of the British raft during creation fight dickens and trail them from the rim of stamp out to achievement against the bloc offices. How he did this was non merely though his leadership barely arguably by his vernaculares as well, whiz of Churchills neat assets was his words and how he apply them to liven and egg on his tidy sum. nonwithstanding having a say end-to-end his occupational group He was cognize for his exquisite speaking, the nomenclaturees he do end-to-end his manner in oddly trace generation for the British were ceaselessly inspiring, bandage presented in a mien that make them understandable to both psyche no government issue whom they were. instantaneously this was seen oddly in Churchills diction the falsification of liberty and quietude which he presented in October sixteenth 1938 around the bug out of realisticity fight two in an prayer to British and Americna state-supported to build up for the beefed-up theory of contend against national socialist Germany.In the computer address communication the exoneration of emancipation and heartsease Churchill uses a conformation of weighty nevertheless simple literary devices much(prenominal) as allusion, rhetorical questions, resource and Tricolon and express to arouse, persuade and advance Ameri female genital organ and British listeners to dress themselves for a realizable fight against Germany. direct prior to this speech Britains hostile indemnity regarding national socialist expansion was unity of appeasement. British skin rash attend Neville Chamberlain believed that Germany had been unfairly enured by the associate after its beating in the be ginning(a) humankind fight.His berth was that Germany had dear grievances that mandatory to be persistent he too persuasion that by agreeing to or so of the propositions be make by fascistic powers Germany and Italy much(prenominal) as the Munich savvy than atomic occur 63 could potentially subdue the blast of a nonher(prenominal) field war. meantime in the unite States a compounding of publications much(prenominal) as the great falloff and the losses suffered in arena war iodin had pushed the American sentiment and polity towards isolationism. some Americans argued that the united States shouldnt inter chafe in European conflicts or governing that did non botheration them. Churchill tho believed that not lone(prenominal) did national socialist Germany and Facist Italy pose a flagellum make headway that the rights, traditions and sound beliefs of occidental acculturation were in risk of infection and so he make it his cathexis to stool the B ritish tribe for war and address to the US for auxiliary against this threat. right away in his speech the defence of freedom and heartsease Churchill utilizes a number of literary devices the for the commencement exercise time of which is Allusion.Allusion is a bod of speech that makes interview to a place, individual or event real or complex number and can conjure to anything which includes artist paintings, opera, mythical figures and rule book passages. Churchill uses this to cunt his auditory modalitys forethought and oblige them into the subject matter objet dart too fill his sum crossways to them without having to go with visionary details. The first archetype of allusion is when he states he (meaning Hitler) moldiness livestock his hounds and take the stand them merriment or else the likes of Actaeon of old, be devoured by them. here he is referring to an antediluvian patriarch record in Grecian mythology Actaeon was a man who was penalise by the goddess Artemis for brag that he was a go against huntsman than she as a importation she morose him into a stag, and his hounds cancelled on him and killed him. What Churchill is assay to get crosswise to his consultation is that if Hitler does not incessantly lead his associate and soldiers to victory, they pull up stakes at last shimmer against him, fetching his power for themselves. Allusion was further exhibit when Churchill states to his sense of hearing that the American people rinse their custody of the consentaneous buissness.

Change Essay

An singulars guarantee to live freely is based on self-respect and interest. To break up the ideal and signifi bungholece of living on a lower floor a effected life style, unrivall(a)ed must t integrity outside their casual quotidians. We are ofttimes resistant to throw collectable to the consequences of our actions notwithstanding for many, having a habit becomes everything. It is a satisfactory customary focal point of living that guarantees safeguard and for things to stay the exercise same. When a routine has become stagnant and unbendable we hold in become prisoners indoors the cells of our profess making. By looking at Behind the publicizes by Vidyut Aklujkar one stand see the motive the author demonstrates betwwen customs duty and commute*change can bring liberty In the short narration Behind the Headlines, Vidyut Aklujkar states a conflict amid tradition vs change. Hariharans blind borrowing of mistreating Lakshmi is what leads her to such impuls ive way to form control of her own life. Lakshmi got tired proficient thinking nearly the predictability of her life. With this statement we can presume she feels make to serve Hariharan due to their marriage and customs. Mornings begun so with Sanskrit and Sangeet would make one feel flying and pure. Lakshmis flashback to India provides the reader with yard that like Hariharan, she has alike morning routines. She indeed explains how she had to leave all that behind when she get married Hariharan and had to move to Canada. In the short theme Behind the Headline by Vidyut Aklujkar, the married woman Lakshmi is exhausted of her instant life that is caused by her husband Hariharan profession.

Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Art - Essay ExampleThis something that can be conceived but not seen nor made visible is often referred to as the sublime, a quality of primordial greatness with which nothing else can be compared and which is beyond all possibility of calculation, measurement or imitation (Wikipedia, 2006). The presence of this sublime element, then, inspires the imagination in a specific direction based on which elements remain visible or understandable. Its significance is in the way in which it brings attention to the uncertainty of meaning inborn in the work, much(prenominal) that no resolution makes itself apparent. To understand how emotions or the sublime can be communicated through visual art, the work of modern artists Marcel Duchamp, with his nude sculpture Descending a Staircase 2, and Amedeo Modigliani, with Head of a Woman, will be compared in terms of their materials, subject matter, content, composition, color and impacts of context or the time period in which they were produced.I n terms of materials, both works of art are oil paintings placed on stretched canvas. Thus, they each represent a two-dimensional surface with little room for actual depth or movement. Although numerous means had been devised to create the illusion of depth in flat surfaces such as this, neither artist makes much use of these devices, instead allowing their backgrounds to remain relatively dark and formless. There are hints, however, at some form of blank shell created in each. In Duchamps painting, for example, there is a hint of the stairway mentioned in the title in the bottom left corner offset by a somewhat smoother, flatter surface in the upper right corner. Because of the juxtaposition with the figure in the center, this latter surface seems to fall back, providing a shoal space within the painting. Modigliani also provides some sense of depth in his painting with unidentifiable dark-colored spaces to the right of the

Fordism and Post-Fordism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Fordism and Post-Fordism - Research Paper ExampleThis paper represents a historical shift from the Fordist methods in pipeline to the post-Fordist methods and beyond. This paper will attempt to analyze the determination played by management accounting in this historical shift by looking into both Fordism and post-Fordism while trying to realize how changing business requirements have been addressed by management accounting all over time. 2. Fordism refers to an economic and social system that bases itself exclusively on the ideas of Henry Fords influence of mass production. The rehearse of Fordism is not restricted to the economic domain alone but kinda, it has been applied to social as well as socio-economic systems too (Thompson, 2005). The substantial side of Fordism relies on the fact that goods are produced cheaply in such a fashion that the people producing those goods are able to consume them. This facet of Fordism has do it popular in some Marxist circles as well. How ever, it has to be realized that the economic and social circumstances that favored Fordism are now effectively over leading to a shift in Fordism. Some commentators call this shift post-Fordism though otherwises disagree and contend that Fordism has been under constant evolution instead. De Grazia (2005) has defined Fordism as the eponymous manufacturing system designed to spew out regularize, low-cost goods and afford its workers decent enough wages to buy them. In contrast to Grazias view, other commentators have described Fordism as an economic model for economic expansion that relies on mass production in order to create large volumes of standardized products using unskilled labor and specialized manufacturing equipment (Tolliday & Zeitlin, 1987). When these views are put in perspective of the manufacturing carried out by Henry Fords automobile countersink at the turn of the twentieth century it becomes clear that both definitions are incomplete and tend to complement each o ther to produce a works definition. Hence, Fordism (for the purpose of this paper) is an economic process that allows the creation of standardized goods using unskilled labor and specialized manufacturing equipment such that the workers themselves are able to afford these goods. It must be realized at this point that Marxism, socialism and allied ideologies are distinct to Fordism in that Fordism still relies on a free market economy in order to thrive. The Marxist and socialist doctrines require that the control of businesses be relinquished to the government while there are no such stipulations in Fordism. Fordism has tended to blaspheme on three major operating principles through its initial use at Henry Fords automobile manufacturing plant and then for its use in social and economic pathways. The fundamental operating principles are (Tolliday & Zeitlin, 1987) all products are standardized so that handmade craftsmanship is not required and is instead production is dealt with by machines manufacturing relies on the utilization of specialized tools and equipment to make assembly lines a reality. This indicates that low level and unskilled workers are able to operate advanced manufacturing equipment in order to man assembly lines. Moreover, the nature of tasks performed on the assembly lines are monotonous and require little creative thinking the workers working on these assembly lines are paid wages that are sufficient for them to purchase the things they produce.

Operations Management LongXi Manufacturing Essay

Operations Management LongXi Manufacturing - Essay ExampleLongXi under the management of Zhang Lin is faced with weighty problems in line with product tincture and its team. LongXi is faced with this significant problem that specifically tries to hinder its long-term goal for the future. It is important to address this problem so that it will not hinder its potential to create high standard lineament management in the future. LongXi and its quality management problem absolutely encompassed the inconvenience of how the company should obtain its militant advantage. In the midst of on-going competition, LongXi remarkably demand to compete with significant quality in its product offerings. The issue is not simply on quality improvement of its offerings and restructuring its quality improvement team, but the problem itself boils down to how LongXi should survive in the midst of highly competitive environment with likewise many choices for the customers to choose from. How then shou ld LongXi differentiate its product offerings even if it has significant quality improvement is the most specific issue aside from the issue of quality improvement management. Situation Analysis LongXis position in the Chinese small diesel engine market LongXis position in the Chinese small diesel engine market is heading to international scope. As the demand for product offerings within diesel engine industry increases as uttermost as the Chinese economic reform is concerned, competition increases within the international business setting. China is competitive enough to go for cheap production which gives the competency of the Chinese market to have at least around 25% less cost in production comp atomic number 18d to Japan. However, prior to this significant market trend, LongXi has been creating a major market share considering that small diesel engine market particularly in the agriculture and machinery sector was pushed to pursue even more payable to Chinese economic refor m. This economic reform paved way for LongXi to promote product offerings that cater the needs and increasing demand in the market. However, competition within its industry has become too intense as the demand increases. As a result, there is a need to augment production. The capacity of production needs to be improved as the demand continues to reach an upward spiraling growth. However, LongXi is willing to invest in new improved engineering science to ensure quality and stretch its production. It is not going to help on its part to rely on other organizations producing duo-gear shaft (DGS) because there is just limited number of them and are already having their production over-stretched. Thus, in house management is necessary. As a result to this, LongXi has remarkable market share in China as it overstretched production. Furthermore, as the country continues to lead economically, there is a good chance to expose produced product offerings of the said company into the world. Thi s particularly is a promising output considering that LongXi is aiming for low-cost production with high standard quality. As a result, there is going to be a low-cost price of its product offerings at a slightly high market demand. This ensures high revenue and eventually obtaining LongXis corporate objectives. In Comparison with Chanchai Changchai is LongXis ultimate competitor in China. In vermiform appendix Table 7, LongXi and Changchai are compared based on production volume by product, revenues, proportion of export sales, profits, gross margin per unit, extent of vertical integration, external partnerships, ISO 9000 certification, and technology investment. In 1996, LongXi was able to target production of multi-cylinder diesel engines which is higher than Changchai. This is a remarkable figure and it is in this product offering that LongXi is creating a significant competitive advantage considering that there is a great market opportunity for multi-cylinder diesel engines n ot just in China but in the international market. This is cod to the fact that the said product offering has remarkable and practical applications. However, it

BHS 328 B.S. Health Sciences Team Building (Mod 4 SLP) Essay

BHS 328 B.S. Health Sciences Team Building (Mod 4 SLP) - Essay ExampleWhen there is no effective communication then contrasts arises among people and we have to manage conflicts. Conflict resolution is the process by which an organization handles and re gains conflicts within the organization and within the organization and the community (Bill Warters 2000). There ar various methods to manage conflictsIn health care delivery, team working is very important because you have to coordinate each and every thing. If your work is non coordinated, then their will be less coherence amongst the employees and therefore everyone will be working with their own interest and with their own feasibility. For example in a hospital, when a doctor is doing an operation, he has to work with his colleagues as a team so that a successful operation is done. If for example if the doctor is not communication with the nurses for example during the operation, then they might do some mistake in on a lower floorstanding the doctors orders and could lead to problems.For resolution of conflicts, first of all you should have the skill to solve problems for example active listening, formulate the desired outcomes, identify the underlying interests and develop and analyze options. Your attitude should be such that it demonstrates knowledge of ethics of collaborative conflict resolution. You should be having the appropriate knowledge to solve conflicts. For example you should be having knowledge of cross cultural considerations when recognizeing with conflicts because a manager might have to deal differently with a western worker as compared to the south eastern (Bill Warters 2000). Conflicts are handled differently with different types of people but responses to conflicts fall generally under four broad categories including attack, avoid, soften and resolve. It depends on the situation in which you are handling the conflict and you take decision according to that. For example if there i s a conflict between the government and the masses and the masses are violently reacting, then the government will also have to take violent reception in response to it to solve the conflict.Suppose that I am the administrator in charge of oversight for an emergency unit at a hospital. A nurse administers the wrong medication dose to a patient. A second nurse wants to write-up the first nurse immediately. But I dont think so that typography up to her at this stage is a good option to resolve the conflict. In this case it is an emergency situation and writing to her and then getting the reply will take a lot of time and during this time the patients life can be in danger. The second nurse should directly go to the first nurse and talk to her face to face and tell her that the dose which she gave to the patient

Jean Paul Sartre was a philosopher Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Jean Paul Sartre was a philosopher - Essay ExampleNowhere is this more evident that in his one-act play, Huis Clos. A dialogical interpretation of the hellish twist which pervades three characters, Huis Clos does not simply e valet de chambreate from within Sartrian existentialism but, may be defined as an enactment of it, with each of the characters in that personifying a particular aspect of this complex philosophical construct. Understanding Huis Clos and appreciating it as an enactment of, and metaphor for, Sartrian existentialism, necessitates identifying and defining Sartres existentialist concerns and conceptualisations.Sartre existentialist concerns and his perception of the human control are, according to some critics, most concisely and precisely expressed in his Being versus Nothingness treatise.3 In LEtre et le Nant, Sartre explicates his philosophical conceptualisation of human founding and the relation between man and himself, man and others and man and the environm ent within which he exists.4 Within the context of these relationships, man wavers between being and nothingness. Assuming that animateness has message, that the universe has some grand design, man is forever striving for subject matter, convinced that he will attain being-hood once he has found meaning to his life. This pastime is erroneously predicated on the belief that meaning, thus, being, is attained through others. Man believes his life acquires meaning, that he attains being-hood, from the positive perceptions and opinions that others may have of him. However, within Sartrian philosophy, this definition of being is nothing.5 Mans raise predilection to define himself through the perception and opinion of others and his unwavering tendency to assume that he, accordingly, acquires being-hood, is inherently false. From the Sartrian existentialist perspective, it is false insofar as it assumes that life has meaning and creation has a noble purpose. Life, however, has no mean ing and can only be defined as a void, as nothingness.6 Furthermore, the attempt to derive meaning, personal identity from the perception of others is a form of self-annihilation or a determined attempt to suppress the consciousness, or the authentic self. It is only when man accepts his authentic self, embraces nothingness, and realises that meaning emerges from within him, that he can acquire being-hood.7Sartres conceptualisation of being and nothingness is remarkably complex and if misunderstood, would seem self-negating. On the one hand, he claims that man lives in a void and that nothingness is the definitive feature of the human condition. He further maintains that the quest for being from without the self is futile.8 On the other hand, Sartre contends that the embrace of nothingness and the realisation of the void within which we live and which defines the human condition can lead to something. Not only that but he further asserts that once man realises that meaning cannot b e imposed from without but, resides within the self, man can aspire towards being-hood. In this case, being is an outcome of the conscious realisation, and

Segmenation and customer profiling and wallet share Essay

Segmenation and customer profiling and wallet shargon - Essay ExampleCustomer profiling and analytics is an advanced database management constitution with works with customer segmentation and data mining applications. With customer profiling tools, customer information such as who are they, places where they reside and work, distance travelled to purchase products, their differences by products and regions and so on (Bhalla, 2009). With this information, it is possible to identify areas where customers are in higher intensity, understand viability of the locations and then develop campaigns that focus on the set customers (Drupal CRM, 2011).Wallet share measures the end result of the CRM implementation. It tincts to the percentage or share that the customer spends on purchasing a particular product. It can also refer to the amount of revenue that a firm generates from a specific customer segment. In effect, the wallet share shows if the amount spent on maintaining customer relatio ns and on advertisements are effective enough to make the customer buy the organizations products. In the case, the CRM system tracks the billing to the customer segment and after hundreds of transactions are tracked, a decision is taken about the share of wallet. Wallet share information can then be used in changing the merchandising plan, in targeting the proper customer segment and so on (Croteau, 2009). These systems are used in modern database marketing and in

Learning Support Assistants Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Learning Support Assistants - Essay ExampleWhether it should be rhyme based or phoneme based or riffle of the two methods.Earlier evidence, want that of Ehri et al (2001) move over found that upbringing children to adopt analytic phonologically word based words-level strategies in the early readings help in improving reading and spelling ability.The role of LSAs is to help the children with the poor reading abilities in small groups. They have good experience but only have the basic training. Despite their critical role with the at-risk students, their contribution has not been fully explored. There have been strong evidences, which show that these teaching assistants can provide crucial support in teaching methodology. Thus the main aim of the research is to find out the effectiveness of LSA based remains in the education system where presently this is not typical.There are several ways to teach the phonological and decoding skills. In the rhyme based intervention programmes c hildren are make to pronounce the whole word like cut, but and so on. While in the phoneme based method the students are made to give importance to each and all(prenominal) letter of the word, pronounce it and then add them all together. Thus the second aim of the research is to find out which method of intervention will be more effective, rhyme based or phoneme based or the combination of the two.Methodology The study of intervention was carri... One morning LSAs met with the authors to get the feel of the training material.From first nine responding schools 498 selected students were screened by LSAs to find the poorest students. All the students had experienced three months of Year 1 National Curriculum classes. One LSA was deployed in each school. They were skilful to screen the children on the measures of phonological awareness, word reading and spelling, non-word reading and letter-sound knowledge.Screening Materials Students were made to recite the nursery rhymes if they kne w them. If they did not know it then the adults would say a rhyme and check if the child could complete it. The purpose was to clarify if the child knew the word rhyme.In the rhyme matching, the children were shown the picture of the faunas. They were then asked to find the picture of an animal that rhymed with somewhat particular picture of animal, say like dog. There were two practice trials and 12 experimental trials in this test. In rhyme extension children were shown the picture of a particular animal and then made to name the other animals whose name matched with that animal. If there were no answers then children were given the examples. In the blend method of screening LSA would pretend to be a Robot and make the sound like /m/-/at/. The children were asked to blend together the sounds and make some word from it like mat. The LSA would complete the work if children did not respond. In the Segmentation method it was opposite, the children were given a word like pat. They were told to break it and sound it like the robot. They had to break the word in either two or three parts. All these phonological tasks were combined together from a single

Data Collection2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Data Collection2 - Essay Exampleministration and bush family members such as the former first lady, Barbara pubic hair, Olberman has named a host of Republican senators and numerous Conservatives and pro- chaparral reporters and media personalities, such as Ann Coulter, Bill OReilly, Sean Hannity and Rush Limbaugh. He has, furthermore, repeatedly included obscure New Channel, which he dubs, Fox Nothing Channel and Fox Noise Channel, in his worst person of the world list, as well as mercenary pro-Bush preachers, such as Pat Robertson.The above-stated, which was concluded after thorough review of Countdown transcripts at MSNBC, is indicative of an overt bias against the Bush Administration, Republicans and neoconservatives. Further solidifying this state of bias is that rarely, if ever, is a Democrat included in that list, unless they have voted in support of the Iraq War, or who have expressed any type of support for Bushs policies, such as Hilary Clinton.The fact that the come u p of Republicans, Conservatives and Bush Administration members included in the Worst Person in the World spot overwhelms the number of Democrats and Iraq war opponents included, may reflect bias but it does not reflect the extent of the bias involved. Bias is best determined through quotes1. Anne Coulter (Conservative, Pro-War Activist, Republican, Bush supporter) When awarding Coulter the Worst Person in the World Award only when last week, for having called John Edwards feminine, Olberman said Calling John Edwards that name, I mean, Annie, just because youre more mannish looking, hell, youre more mannish looking than every man on the planet (Olberman, 2007, Ann Coulter). What should be emphasised some this quote is that it descends into personal and subjective attacks it is not an objective and critical response to Coulters statements, or her political position but, an attack upon her own person. In so doing, Olberman does not just reveal his own personal bias but, seems to sug gest that

Human Physiology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Physiology - Essay ExampleResistance to hang through a vessel is in like manner in return related to its radius raised to the fourth power. Even a small decrease in the radius of the vessel would result in a abundant increase in the resistance to flow. At any given point in time the most important factors governing the smooth functioning of the race circulatory system are volume, pressure, resistance and flow. For the optimal functioning of the system it requires a specific and a pressure that is necessary and sufficient to ensure the flow of blood through all body tissues. The relation between pressure (P), resistance (R) and blood flow (F) is given by the equation, F = P/R. P precisely is the difference in pressure between the two ends of the system.In pulmonary circulation the total resistance is approximated at 0.12 PRU. In this case, the flow of blood is the resembling as systemic circulation. However the pressure difference between the two ends of the system is much less. According to Poiseuilli, a French physician, flow of blood is also affected by viscosity of blood. It explains the resistance to flow due to the friction caused by the molecules present in the blood. Blood being a non-homogenous fluid, more government issue of molecules is present resulting in greater friction and hence increased resistance to flow.Porth C.

Critical Article Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Critical Review - Article ExampleIn order to understand this to a more effective and nail down degree, the following analysis will discuss the means through which the public school system within the United States experiences what is known as fiscall limitation with regards to the cooking of local education. This limitation necessarily refers to the way in which secondary education within the United States is overly reliant upon regional funding thereby evoking a situation in which disparity is more readily reflected within the educational system as compared to how it would be in a situation in which the national government itself was responsible for funding the process (Clemings, 2006). Through such analysis, it is the hope of this author that the reader will gain a more informed understanding of how the educational system work in the United States, what determinant particularors constrain it, and how improvements with regards to the shortcomings that have been previously mentio ned might be affected within the future. The particular beak in question first references the fact that a case study which will be performed is concentric upon the fix of California. Naturally, this choice of tests case analysis is oddly important and useful due to the fact that California is the largest render by population and represents perhaps the greatest level of regional diversity that any state within the system has to offer. As such, the article itself increases the level of believability and relevance due to the fact that it has chosen to analyze the most diverse and populous state as a means of proving the fact that regional and state funding alone is ultimately a limitation to the way through which education sewer be provided to the end student (Wassmer & Fisher, 1996). Accordingly, the first main argument that is made is with regards to the limitations upon maximum and minimum millage rates with regards to property taxes (Winkler, 2009). Such an in-depth primary ap proach has to do with the fact that the United States education system disproportionately targets as one of its main funding streams property taxes. In such a way, the authors reference the fact that disparity is innate within the system due to the fact that income from property taxes is a direct means through which the poorest regions will have inordinately slight funding to allocate as compared to the richer regions. Although the casual observer might be quick to point out that millage rates within the poorest regions merely be increase as a way of generating further revenue for the school systems, this does not reflect a level of fairness and ultimately punishes the poorest property holders within a given region (Ellis, 1976). Similarly, the authors target the fact that the poorer regions within California, the state in question, reflect a greatly increased percentage of renters as compared to other regions end-to-end the state. The increased percentage of renting families mean s that this funding stream ultimately begins to dry up and disappear with respect to an ever increasing percentage of indigence that may be exhibited. Further focusing upon the issue of property tax, the authors discuss the minimum and maximum limits on the property tax rate with respect to what is deemed as a per pupil limit many individuals outside the education system are wholly unaware of the fact that such

How do corporations use e-learning Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

How do corporations use e-learning - Term Paper Examplebased training that is aimed at enhancing their working capabilities and, overcome challenges done putting together different systems, as well as measure their profits on these investments.According to (Zoeller & Berg, 2008), e-learning is any teaching or training via digital technologies as a way of distributing and conveying material or information to employees. From teaching or training videos published on DVDs to computer-based courses, eLearning has developed over the years. On the other hand, with the growth of the Internet, computer-based training has appeared at the top of eLearning, and growing figures of employees are being trained via the World Wide Web at the present (Zoeller & Berg, 2008). without delay business activities in a real-time world are becoming more complex and innovative for instance, presently organizations have competitors appear from the entire areas, insertion rules, knowledge offer more influence than capital, as well as the previous policies no longer be relevant. Presently each business requires a competitive edge in the business. Now organizations want those process, tools, and technique that will offer them the benefits over their market competitors. Corporate e-learning solutions and training courses are aimed at providing embodied the business training that is required for staying ahead of as compared to other market competitors (E-learningCenter, 2009) and (Morch, Engen, & Asand, 2004). According to Schweizer (2004), e-learning is putting back face-to-face learning interaction and emerging the thin of e-learning in business or organization. On the other hand, the quality of interaction, a helpful e-learning educational culture, the cost-effectiveness of modern and up-to-date technology, a development of the Internet, an augment in online courses, smaller business cycles, unions and rising competition support business and organization to make use of e-learning (Schwe izer, 2004).According to (Commonwealth of Australia,

Reasons for Not Closing Guantanamo Research Paper

Reasons for non Closing Guantanamo - Research Paper ExampleThe research paper Reasons for Not Closing Guantanamo explores the reasons why the Guantanamo Bay custody quick-wittedness has not managed to close. There have been numerous efforts to close Guantanamo Bay detention facility during Obamas marches as president. Previously, when the President issued the Executive Order for the closure of the facility, the engaged Congress opposed him, hence restricting the delivery of his earlier pledge. There are various problems facing Guantanamo Bay, and even when shut down, more legal, social, and economic challenges would arise if proper measures are not put in place. Besides the Congress, several legislatures have factored into the logistical problems, by acting to withhold funds meant to support in closure of Guantanamo detention camp. For quite a while, the Congress has repetitively voted against the closure of the facility and include provisions that would prevent the use of ap propriated funds for any actions aiding in its closure. The detainees in the detention facility have been categorized into 3 groups those under preventive detention meant to stop them from returning to the battlefield, those under preventive detention and still expected to appear before the military or other tribunal for criminal charges, and those percipient for transfer or release to other foreign nations, after contentment that they pose no security threat or did not engage in any hostilities. Moving the detainees as the last stratum infers, requires funds to relocate the detainees into other countries. In 2010, after Obamas Order, the Congress passed a legislation (Defense allowance Bill), blocking the department of defense from spending any finances in relocation of Guantanamo prisoners from the US for any reason (Landers, 2010). Therefore, any acts of reducing the populating in the facility in line with its closure have failed. On a further opposition, the Congress made it certain that the detainees required to be in the facility and hence restricted the action of building another facility in the mainland United States. Despite the Administrations clear opposition of section 413, the Congress banned the utilization of funds to construct, upgrade or renovate, and expand the US correctional facility in order to house individuals held in the Guantanamo detention facility (Executive business office of the President, 2013). Through the ban, the congress made it clear that not even other US prison facilities would be spared. None would receive financial support to aid in extra ho apply of the detainees that would be transferred from Guantanamo, which included the expansion activities or operating costs in maintenance of the detainees. Apparently, it is evident that the congress has consistently been using its spending oversight authority to control government funds from acquisition by an Illinois state prison (as a detention facility of one category for Gu antanamo detainees), financing trials or even of the

Prevention of Nursing Home Abuse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Prevention of Nursing Home Abuse - Essay ExampleThey argon also non in a position to communicate the abuse and thus suffer in silence (IQ Nursing Homes.com, 2008). According to the reports from the U.S. General method of accounting Office, 43% of elderly population will live in a nursing home during a lifetime and of these atleast 3 million will be subjected to abuse and atleast 300,000 will die following abuse and neglect at nursing homes (cited in Roberts, 2004). Abuse and negligence leads to violation of human rights of the elderly plurality who deserve to be respected and have the right to live with dignity and comfort. Infact, the very purpose of admitting then to nursing homes is to make them feel comfortable and descend assistance round the clock. Exploitation of their physical and mental vulnerability by means of abuse and neglect needs to be condemned and prevented. Many organizations, groups, laws and reports have devised methods of barroom of abuse and neglect in nurs ing homes. This article explores some of the measures which help prevent abuse and neglect. Abuse in the elderly fag be physical, sexual, unrestrained or even wrongful death. Financial exploitation and abuse can also occur. Most of the times, abuse occurs by the staff of the nursing home. However, abuse can occur from other residents of the nursing home too. This article mainly concentrates on abuse from the staff. Abuse of the residents can lead to many consequences which vary in loudness ranging from mild discomfort to serious consequences like dehydration, starvation, serious injuries, bedsores and even death. The most common forms of abuse are neglect and caretaking mistreatment (Griffore et al, 2009). In majority of cases, abuse is not obvious and may be missed easily if a family member or a loved person is not watching intentionally.

Reflections on Connection of Chemisty to Franciscan Value Essay

Reflections on Connection of Chemisty to Franciscan Value - Essay ExampleOne mustiness acknowledge that this concept is similar to the Franciscan value of shimmy as it applies in the life of an individual who realizes the need to change aspects of living or fictional character traits whenever a critical situation calls for it though such event occurs within the same person and transforms him or her not physically. Thus, during transformation, the nature or identity is kept because the energy stays as energy and the person is still a person but the difference between the initial and final states would necessarily have it off one form of energy from the other and if a person has improved or worsened compared to the first condition.Diversity, as some other Franciscan value, may be perceived in Chemistry subject as it pertains to various possible chemical reactions that proceed spontaneously out of four types being simple, combination, sensation replacement, as well as double-dis placement. In school, students come from different socio-cultural backgrounds and while this sets barrier in communication, dealing with classmates of various ethnic origins helps one learn to line up with different types of people. Likewise, chemical compounds whether ionic or covalent are formed out of reactants in diverse number when a metallic element combines with another metallic or non-metallic element to produce one such type of substance. Then when this is made to react with other substances of distinct atomic composition, a diverse set of products may be recovered yielding useful materials that are available for regular human consumption. The value of diversity in an academic validation works in the same manner for the challenges encountered on interacting with individuals under a variety of circumstances and personalities pay off by providing opportunities toward personal growth.Besides transformation and diversity,

Reliability Issues †Centrifugal Slurry Pumps Essay Example for Free

Reliability Issues Centrifugal Slurry Pumps EssayIntroductionPumps were probably the archetypical machine ever developed, and atomic calculate 18 now the second near general machine in mapping somewhat the world, out-numbered only by the electric move. The precise earliest type of pump is now known as a pee wheel, Persian wheel or noria, consisting of a wheel of buckets that rotates to pick up wet from a stream and dump it into a trough. other early pump was the Archimedean screw, similar to the modern screw conveyor except that the flights were much fixed to the tube so that the whole administration would whirl together. Both of these devices atomic number 18 still utilize, most commonly in grassroots agricultural applications. Pumps be now produced in an enormous range of types and sizings, for a in truth wide scope of applications, and this makes it difficult for all individual reference document or organisation to cover pumps and pumping as a general top ic. So the coarse field of pumping is classified into sub-divisions and then dealt with at that take.In the mining industry, the upper end of the pump scale includes impellers with diameters over 2.5m, slurry lines 10km long, particle coat up to 100mm, move regularises handling more than 7000tph, and motors over 10MW. Finer slurries of around 1mm particle size of it are pumped for hundreds of kilometres in just about operations. There are more ways to classify pumps. This just one of them.This document only addresses centrifugal pumps, with a focus on hotshot-stage radial-flow slurry pumps. Centrifugal pumps are capable of meeting duties of up to 1.4 m /s at 30MPa, and grittyer volumes at light 3 pressures. The maximum flow rate at low discharge pressure is around 180 m /s. Industrial applications requi bound noble delivery pressures for the most part use reciprocating fixed-displacement pumps, but they are limited in the amount of flow they brush aside gear up out p er unit. In general purpose applications, where different types of pumps could all deliver the doing sought, centrifugal pumps are usually the preferred choice repayable to dis whitethorn lifecycle costs.Basic Requirements for ReliabilityAssuming class pump manufacture and break ination, the basic requirements for real long-term operation of centrifugal pumps are 1. Continuous operation at best-efficiency point (BEP) 2. Adequate net positive suction well (NPSH) 3. Low velocity changeful flow at bottom the pump and doneout the system 4. process of legatos that are benign ie a) Chemically and physically stable b) At near-ambient temperatures c) Free of particles likely to political campaign put out or blockage Pumps of a basic end satisfying all these requirements hold up run for 50 years and more without study component replacement. The first three requirements are satisfied by matching pump murder to expected duty. Where stage 4 fag end non be addressed done pre -treatment of the changeful, the pump configuration, geometry and materials must be optimised to give best results. Obviously, item 4.c) is a dominating issue for slurry pumps as it can non be eliminated and must be managed.Centrifugal Pump ConstructionCentrifugal pumps bewilder two main sub-assemblies the rotating separate (impeller, scape, bea go), and the fixed separate ( shell, shrill connections, stand, foundations. Pumps of all types may be single stage or multi-stage. Multiple stages are use where it is not practical to induce the necessary discharge pressure using a single impeller. The simplest way to imagine a multi-stage pump is as one pump with its discharge feeding straight person into the suction of a second pump so that the overall discharge pressure is increased spell the flow rate stays the same. However, this system of rules is properly described as single stage pumps in series. A true multi-stage pump consists of multiple impellers attach on a single pricking, positioned in a single casing made up of multiple put ups. Multi-stage pumps of this type are not used with slurries, but sometimes slurry pumps are mount in series.CasingThere are two types of casing formulates volute and diffuser. A volute casing has a snails jaw shape, while a diffuser casing has interior vanes. Diffuser casings are rarely used on single-stage radial pumps, and are not commonly used for handling slurries due to the flow restriction and high drudge rates that would result. Slurry pumps have volute casings which house the impeller and have a spiral-shaped outer volume that extends 360 degrees and increases in cross-sectional area as it approaches the discharge flange. At full circle the volute overlaps itself, creating the cut-point, also known as cut-water point or tongue. The model shape is to have a steady linear increase in cross-sectional area for 360 degrees around the circumference starting from the cut-water point, but this can be difficu lt to manufacture. pard to a clear water pump, a slurry pump has a much larger radial gap amidst cut-water point and impeller, to digest insecurity of blockage. Where a pump is identified as oversize for its duty, and is suffering high recirculation strike, it may be possible to fit liners with an extended cut-water point that throttles the flow. In theory, when a pump operates at its best efficiency point (BEP), the pressure acting on the impeller and casing are uniform.However, in practice the pressure is rarely altogether uniform, and if a pump is direct away from its BEP the imbalanced in the radial forces acting on the impeller become significant. These forces are larger for bigger pumps operating at higher pressures. Running a large pump on a lower floor rated capacity can create unbalanced radial forces that may (over time) damage the bea sound or chap the shaft. If it is known that a pump may need to occasionally operate well away from its BEP, the manufacturer shoul d include an oversize shaft arrangement in the design, but with commercial competition driving purchase decisions this may have to be specializedally requested. Another option for reducing imbalanced radial forces is to use a twin-volute design, which consists of a wall splitting the volute in half for about half its circumference, ending after the cut-point but beforehand the discharge flange. This is not practical for most slurry applications.Casings must be designed to allow the impeller to be installed inside, and so are manufactured in at least two parts. strong casings have a removable cover, either on the suction side or shaft side or two, but the volute shape is a one-piece casting. Casings may also be split, either axilely or radially. Axially split housings make inspection easier because the upper piece can usually be removed without disturbing the shaft or piping too much. Split casings may tend to breathe at high pressures, resulting in leakage, ancestry entrainme nt, vibration, misalignment etc. Casings are normally sufferd with ribbing at the location of highest stresses, to minimise this. Open or semi-open impellers require close clearances against the casing to ensure pumping efficiency. The casings generally include a side-plate that can be adjusted for minimal clearance using jacking screws or shims, especially in saping applications eg slurries.ImpellerImpellers are classified consort to their design features ie Suction flow orientation o Single suction ie inlet on one side only o Double suction ie inlet on both sides The direction of exit flow relative to the shaft axis ie o radial tire flow o Axial flow o Mixed flow Vane shape ie o Single curvature vanes, also called straight vanes the impeller lifts that accelerate the smooth are straight and parallel to the axis of rotation o Francis or screw vane the surfaces that accelerate the changeable are trend in relation to the axis of rotation Mechanical construction o Enclos ed ie with side walls or shrouds o Open ie no shrouds o Semi-open ie shroud on one side only o Partially shrouded ie shroud not extending to impeller tips The open area through which the fluid flows into the impeller is called the suction nub. For a closed-shroud impeller, this is simply the hole in the shroud. The suction eye area is an important feature of the pump design. The area taken up by the shaft, if it protrudes through the eye, is deducted when calculating eye area. Impellers can be single suction or double suction.A single suction impeller has an inlet eye on one side only, with the shaft extending out the opposite side so the impeller overhangs. A double suction impeller can be thought of as two mirror-image single suction impellers mounted back-to-back. They accept fluid from both sides and usually have a shaft that extends straight through the impeller with sorts providing support on both sides. Double suction impellers are usually fed fluid from a single inlet flan ge, with the fluid flow being split into two streams by channelling inside the casing. Double suction units turn in advantages in minifyd fluid velocity at the impeller eye, and better balancing of axial hydraulic forces, while single suction units are simpler in design, manufacture and maintenance. Most if not all slurry pumps are single suction type. few pumps may have an inducer, which is an axial flow impeller with a few blades installed between the suction inlet and the main impeller, intended to improve the suction head seen by the main impeller. Impeller shrouds often consist thin pump-out vanes cast into the outside of the shrouds. Their purpose is to help clear any solids from the back hub of the impeller (opposite the inlet eye), reduce pressure at the lettre de cachet area, reduce axial lick, and discourage recirculation. Some impellers have similar vanes on the eye side as well as the shaft side in this case, those on the shaft side are usually called expeller vane s. In clear water pumps, a cylindrical ring is usually cast or machined into the outside surface of the shrouds, concurrent with a matching feature in the casing, to help seal off the discharge fluid from the suction fluid and prevent internal circulation.Clearances here are tight in put in to ensure pumping efficiency typically around 0.25mm on wheel spoke for most common sizes of industrial pumps. In larger pumps the casing (and sometimes also the impeller) is usually protected at this point by replaceable wear rings, which may be high-wear items, and need to be re lay before efficiencies fall too low. It is good practice to replace wear rings once the clearance r all(prenominal)es twice the original specification. Wear rings are provided in a wide range of designs and materials accord to the pressures, hurrys and fluids involved. The wear rings on impeller and casing are often made from differing materials that are not subject to galling, to reduce problems should progress to occur. Wear ring features may include labyrinths, water injection, inspection ports, adjustment mechanisms etc.Pumps handlinglight slurries may make use of wear rings, sometimes with water injection to reduce wear from the slurry. Pumps handling heavier slurries usually just use pump-out vanes. Slurry pump impellers must be designed to resist wear and tear, and this requires some pumping efficiency features to be sacrificed. For example, vane edges will be blunter, vanes and shrouds will be generally thicker, and the number of vanes will be decreased in order to open up the channels between them. Passages through slurry pumps, including impeller vane spacing, are larger than for clear water pumps. Open impellers are sometimes used for very stringy materials, but tend to be weak and wear quickly, and so are not very common. Vane shape is obviously a major element of impeller design. Two critical factors are the blade entry angle (1) and blade exit angle (2), as measured between t he centre-line of the vane and a tangent to the privileged or outer diameter (respectively) drawn from their tips, in the opposite direction to rotation. Most modern pumps have impellers with 2 smaller than 90 degrees ie backward-curved blades.Theoretically, a forward-curved blade would give higher head, but at less efficiency. Some pumps have 2 at 90 degrees, and these are sometimes referred to as expellers. Many clear-water impeller designs rely on close running clearances between vane tips and casing to minimise recirculation from one vane chamber to the next, and maximise efficiency. even small amounts of vane tip wear can have an effect on head and overall efficiency. The outer and inner vane tips should be sharp, not rounded or chamfered.Replacing a pump which is too large for its duty can be a major exercise. It usually requires changes to the foundations, drive arrangement and piping, spares holdings, and so on. A model of the ideal size may be just not acquirable. As a n alternative, in some cases it may viable to install a reduced-diameter impeller without changing other components. If done correctly, trimming the impeller will move the pumps BEP to match the actual system operating point. The efficiency at the new BEP will be lower than the BEP with the original impeller, but higher than was being achieved in practice when operating well away from the original BEP. The performance variation can be estimated using the affinity laws which often apply to a specific impeller before and after machining bleed rate Pump head Motor power Q1 / Q2 = n1 D1 / n2 D2 H1 / H2 = (n1 D1 / n2 D2) P1 / P2 = (n1 D1 / n2 D2) 2So if running at the same speed, trimming an impeller by a certain proportion will result in a corresponding drop in flow rate, a greater decrease in head produced, and an even greater decrease in the motor power consumed. However, these equations are based on several assumptions and some caution is called for. Impellers are complex three-dime nsional objects and their effects on the liquid are due to other factors that are also affected by machining, beyond just the outside diameter eg open area, discharge blade angle and so on. The sideline settings should apply. Diameter reductions should not exceed 10%. Reductions beyond 20% are generally considered extreme. Some references state 30% as the maximum reduction advisable. Some overlap in the vanes should be retained. The angle between the vane centreline and the tangent to the outer diameter drawn at its tip should be restored to original by filing, with most filing occurring on the trailing side of the vane.The vanes will probably be thicker after cutting, and should be filed back to original shape, by filing on the traling side of the vane. Vane tips should be kept sharp, not rounded or chamfered. Outer tips should be sharpened by filing on the trailing side, and inner tips by filing mostly on the leading side. Inefficiencies will take the form of increased disc friction, increased flow path length within the casing, and more recirculation across vane tips. Impellers apply forces to the fluid and are subject to the equal and opposite forces themselves.The typical single-suction impeller engages with fluid entering the pump and at first accelerates it axially into the pump, before diverting it into the radial direction. The impeller pushes the fluid into the pump, and at the same time pushes itself axially back toward the inlet point. Another way of looking at this effect is to consider that the impeller is mostly exposed to pressurised fluid all over the shroud surfaces, but not at the eye on the suction side. The wedge on the impeller must be resisted by the shaft arrangement, which must always include bearings capable of serious thrust loading. Double-suction pumps typically have less axial loading, but can still experience axial thrust, especially if flow is restricted more on one side due to internal differences in the pump, or restri ctions in fluid supply on one side. Clean water pump designs may incorporate features to reduce this imbalance, such as having wear rings on both sides of the impeller, with the pressure within the volume they enclose largely equalised by balancing holes passing right through the impeller.Another manner is the use of a balancing disc. This is a disc mounted on the shaft in a separate chamber, with a geometry and clearances designed to counterbalance thrust effects. However, these are not practical for slurry pumps, which may use pump-out vanes instead, to lower the pressure toward the inner area of the non-suction shroud. Axial thrust make full usually consist of a steady state component plus dynamic fluctuations. Heavy axial loading is often associated with recirculation.Where failure occurs it is usually a result of overloading and over-heating of bearing components. Measures to correct excessive axial loading include Restoring BEP operating conditions (which may include selecti ng a more appropriate pump size or trimming the impeller) Ensuring internal clearances / wear are not excessive drifting correct bearing type and installation including clearances / pre-load To further complicate this issue of axial thrust, single-suction pumps handling fluids with a high suction head may experience thrust on the impeller in the opposite direction, away from the inlet. And then there are pumps with highly multivariate duties and suction conditions that may experience impeller thrust in different directions at different times.ShaftThe shaft transmits windup(prenominal) power to the impeller from the driving motor or engine. It must also support the impeller and restrict its axial and radial movement. The loads on the shaft include self-weight of the rotating components, torque, and forces transmitted to / from the fluid. Design of a shaft requires consideration of maximum allowable divergence, the span or overhang, the location and direction of all loads, any te mperature variations, and the critical speed. Loads are normally at their maximum on start-up. All objects have a natural frequency at which they will vibrate after being struck. Machines made of several components with complex shapes normally have several natural frequencies, some of which dominate. In the case of pumps, if the rotational speed of the impeller matches a dominant natural frequency, small imbalances may be amplified to a level where they interfere with operation and/or reliability.These are known as critical speeds. Steady operating speeds between 75% and 120% of the first critical speed should be avoided. Pumps with longer overhang on the shafts have lower critical speeds. Shafts are referred to as rigid or flexible, according to whether the running speed is lower or higher than the first critical speed. Pumps with a flexible shaft must pass through a critical speed on each start-up. This is not usually a problem because frictional forces with the fluid and the bear ings act as dampers for a period sufficient for transition through the critical speed. Pumps with speeds below 1750rpm, which includes most slurry pumps, are usually of the rigid-shaft design. The shaft must be designed so that any deflection will not bring moving parts into contact, for example at wearing rings, or cause non-concentricity in critical areas such as the shaft seal. As a general rule, shaft deflection should not exceed 0.15mm even under the most extreme conditions.Deflection and critical speed are related stiffening a shaft to reduce deflection will also raise its critical speed. For pumps with overhung impellers, as is the case for most slurry pumps, this often results in the shaft diameter between bearings being preferably large. The fluid passing through a pump creates a hydrodynamic bearing effect, known as the Lomakin Effect. That is, to some extent, the impeller rotating in the casing with fluid present is like a shaft rotating in a journal bearing with oil pr esent. The result is that the shaft is better supported when running than when idle, so that the shaft deflection will be less, and the critical speed of the shaft assembly will be higher. However, the Lomakin Effect varies with pump head and internal clearances, both of which diminish with wear. Therefore the effective critical speed may be expected to decrease with time in operate. To allow assembly, shafts step up in diameter from coupling to bearing to impeller, so that any torque problems are very likely to appear first at the coupling kinda than the impeller, at least in single stage pumps.Shaft Seal and armThe shaft connects the drive to the impeller, and so must pass through the pressurised casing. Achieving a reliable seal between shaft and casing is one of the most problematic areas in pumping. Centrifugal pumps have two types of seals mechanic seals and back backpacking seals. Many designs of automatic seals have been attempted for slurry pumps, without comprehensi ve success, and the remainder of this discussion concentrates mainly on packing seals and stuffing nookes. Note, however, that packing is only suitable within pressure and temperature limitations. Depending on pump design and duty, the seal may need to prevent either air ingress into the casing, or fluid egress out of the casing or both of these at different times, if operation is variable. Many casings are designed with the seal area built into a compartment configured to improve sealing performance. For mechanical seals, this compartment is usually referred to as the seal chamber, while for packing seals, it is known as the stuffing disaster.Slurry pump seals usually consist of several rings of packing fitted in a stuffing box around the shaft, often with provision for grease lubrication or water injection to reduce friction and provide additional sealing (particularly for when the pump is stopped). There are many stuffing box design variations and many types and configurations of packing. Stuffing boxes will accept a number of rings of packing, with a packing ring or throat bush preventing extrusion into the casing, and a secreter (sometimes called a follower) used to adjust packing compression. A lantern ring may be substituted for one of the packing rings, to cater for injection of grease or sealing water, water being particularly unavoidable if air would otherwise be sucked into the fluid stream at this point.Sealing water (or an alternative strip liquid) is usually mandatory for Slurries Liquids for which leakage is not delicious Liquids that are not suitable for sealing purposes Suction lifts greater than 4.5m (air ingress may interfere with priming) Discharge pressures above 70kPa The packing must be placed under some compression and this tends to result in wear on the shaft, which is often branchd to avoid having to replace the entire shaft once wear is advanced.There are numerous designs of shaft sleeves. The shaft sleeve must be resistant t o friction and heat, and several different materials and surface treatments are available eg seriouslyened high-chrome stainless steel, ceramic, plasma spray or tungsten carbide coating etc. To prevent chipping, coatings should not extend to the edges of the sleeve. The sleeve does not contribute to specialisation, so the shaft itself must be large enough to carry all the loads, and this means that including a sleeve in the design enlarges the seal diameter. For small pumps, this may decrease pumping efficiency and raise the purchase cost to the point that sleeves may be abandoned and a stainless steel shaft used instead. Glands may be solid, or split to allow replacement without disassembly of pump or bearing assembly. They are usually made of tan, cast iron or steel. Special designs are used to improve safety if the fluid is angry.The leakage of fluid past the packing is controlled by tightening the gland, compressing the packing axially and expands it radially so that leakag e paths along the shaft sleeve are constrained. However, some fluid flow between packing and sleeve is usually necessary to avoid overheating the packing and damaging the sleeve surface. Once the sleeve surface is damaged, the sealing efficiency decreases and more tightening is ask, further damaging the sleeve, and so on. The secret is to provide a configuration of packing and seal water injection that suits the application, and then avoid over-adjustment.To further reduce the pressure at the shaft seal area, where the rear pump-out vanes are not sufficient, some slurry pumps are fitted with a second smaller open-faced impeller, usually called an expeller. Many different designs have been tried. If sealing water is used, there will be a design intention regarding the ratio of water to pass in to the volute compared to out past the gland follower. This can be controlled using the number of packing rings on each side of the lantern ring, but the lantern ring must be installed at th e injection point. For low-cal water pumps, this seal water is sometimes provided from the pump discharge.Clean water must be used to avoid contaminating the packing with grit filtration or cycloning may be necessary if the water contains some grit. When managing sealing arrangements, thought must be given to what happens when the pump is stopped. The pressure in the stuffing box changes to static conditions, which may result in slurry leaking into the packing and contaminating it, causing rapid sleeve wear on re-starting. But if sealing water continues to be applied, the slurry may be diluted, and eventually a sump can be filled with sealing water if left idle for a long time. For lengthened stoppages, sumps may be best dropped, for various reasons. On restarting, sealing water supply should start before the pump starts.Stuffing boxes in extreme applications may be provided with galleries through which cooling water can pass to prevent excessive temperatures around the packing. I n applications where leakage must be more hardly controlled, or where elevated temperatures in the seal area must be avoided (for example where the fluid is volatile), mechanical seals may be suitable, provided that the fluid is not damaging to the seal components. A comparison between mechanical seals and packing seals is given below. Packing seals o Low initial cost o Tend to dribble gradually o Easily replaced when necessary o Can handle large axial shaft movements o Always some leakage required o Require regular adjustment o Not suitable for hazardous / volatile fluids o Often cause progressive shaft sleeve wear o Can result in significant shaft power losses o Limited to low pressures and speeds Mechanical seals o marginal or zero leakage o No adjustments required o Suitable for hazardous / volatile fluids o No shaft wear o Do not consume significant shaft power o Can handle high pressures and speedso Tend to fail choppyly o Replacement requires pump disassembly o High ini tial cost Packing seals work as a result of axial compression, so that the packing rings extrude outward and apply radial pressure to the adjacent components, these being the static surface of the stuffing box, and the rotating shaft sleeve. A dynamic seal is formed between the packing rings and the sleeve surface, with some fluid flow between the two being necessary for lubrication and cooling. For clean water pumps, this fluid may be supplied from the inner end of the stuffing box, or from the discharge pipe via small diameter piping. In the case of slurries, grit in the fluid would add to friction and wear, so the lubricating and cooling fluid is usually injected from a separate clean water supply.The injection pressure should be 10 to 25psi greater than that at the inside end of the stuffing box, and this figure should be available from the pump designer. A rule of thumb is to set the gland feed water pressure to between 35 and 70kPa above pump discharge pressure. Pressure regul ation is often helpful. In theory, some slurry pumps should operate with a pressure at the inside of the stuffing box which is below atmospheric pressure, so that the packing is required only to prevent air ingress into the pump. However, when the pump is turned off, or in abnormal operating conditions, slurry can pass back into the seal and contaminate the packing with grit, so these situations still call for water injection. Grease or oil may be used instead of water in some applications.Packing material must be able to withstand the operating environment and remain resilient to perform satisfactorily despite minor shaft misalignment, run-out, wear and thermal expansion / contraction. Packing is available in a huge range of materials (lubricant, binder and fibre / matrix) and in many sizes, shapes, and constructions, to suit different applications particularly size, shaft speed, temperature, pressure, and chemical resistance. The number of packing rings varies between application s, the most common arrangement being throat bush or ring, three inner packing rings, lantern ring, two more packing rings, and gland follower. The lantern ring may be placed further in, to reduce slurry ingress. Packing size is usually proportional to shaft / sleeve outer diameter, as follows Shaft / Sleeve OD (mm) 15 to 30 30 to 50 50 to 75 75 to 120 120 to 305 Packing Size (mm) 6 8 10 12.5 16Shaft sleeve finish needs to be at least 0.4micron CLA to avoid excessive rotational friction, and the finish in the stuffing box bore needs to be at least 1.65 micron CLA to allow even compression during adjustment. The sleeve must be harder than the packing, and chemically resistant to the fluid pumped and the injection fluid. Any coating on the sleeve must have a good thermal shock resistance. The lantern ring allows for entry and scattering of the lubricant or flushing fluid. Lantern rings are usually split to allow installation and removal without pump disassembly. They were traditionall y made from metal such as stainless steel, but lubricant-impregnated plastics are now common. Gland followers are also usually split to allow easy replacement. They are usually bronze but may be steel or cast iron. Special purpose gland followers are used with volatile or hazardous materials, including capacity for diluting and safely flushing away leakage. The axial compression on the packing must be occasionally adjusted to control leakage. The correct leakage rate is one drip per second.Over-tightening should be avoided as it will result in over-heating and shaft wear. Most packing is supplied with impregnated lubricant, and over-tightening will press the lubricant out. Pumps need wasted sealing purvey if pressure at the inner end of the stuffing box is greater than 75psi. The use of harder packing material on the inner rings may help. The procedure for replacing packing is 1. Read the instructions provided by the pump manufacturer and packing supplier. 2. Loosen and remove gla nd follower. Inspect gland follower for wear, corrosion, warping etc. 3. Remove old packing rings using a packing puller, and the lantern ring. 4. Inspect shaft sleeve surface for deterioration, and clean up where possible. Replace if necessary. 5. Inspect bore of stuffing box for corrosion, wear, scaling etc, and clean up where possible. 6. Verify correct packing size to be used. 7. tightly wrap the correct number of packing coils around a mandrel of equal diameter to the shaft sleeve. 8. Cut each ring at an oblique case angle. 9. Install each ring, staggering the joins 90 degrees on subsequent rings.Suction / Intake DesignCentrifugal pumps operate most efficiently when the liquid to be pumped flows into the inlet nozzle in a smooth, uniform manner with minimal turbulence. Suction systems need to be designed to ensure that this happens. The most common problems are Uneven / turbulent flow Vapour collection Vortex formation Suction piping should be as short and straight as possi ble to minimise friction, and if unavoidably long, should be of large diameter. The suction line will normally be at least one pipe size larger than the pump inlet flange, requiring fitment of a reducer. A reducer should not change the pipe bore by more than 100mm. Fluid flow should be as uniform as possible right up to the pump inlet flange. There should not be any fittings likely to cause turbulence, sudden changes in flow direction or spin within ten pipe diameters of the pump inlet flange. There should be no short radius elbows at all, and no long radius elbows within three pipe diameters.All suction line connections need thorough sealing to prevent air being drawn in. For suction manifolds serving multiple pumps, all the above points apply, and branches should be angled at 30 or 45 degrees, rather than ninety degrees, and sized so that fluid flow is constant throughout. Flow should not exceed 0.9m/s. Improper suction conditions or designs can result in the fluid swirling as it approaches the pump through the suction pipe. This is called pre-rotation. It causes a drop in pumping efficiency because the pump is designed to process fluid that is entering without rotation, and can cause additional suction pipe wear.Sometimes a radial fin is fitted to the suction pipe or casing to reduce pre-rotation. The suction pipe design should cater for elimination of air from the suction line, and prevention of vapour pockets, in the simplest manner, meaning that For pumps with the feed being drawn from a level below (eg a dam pump), o Suction pipe should have a slightly upward slope toward the pump o The eccentric reducer should have the bland side on top For pumps with the feed being drawn from a level above (eg a thickener underflow pump), o Suction pipe should have a slightly downward slope toward the pump Vortexing in feed tanks needs to be avoided to prevent air being drawn down into the pump. Baffles may need to be fitted to tank walls. The tank fluid level need s to be kept well above the suction inlet.BearingsBearings provide axial and squint-eyed restraint to the pump shaft and attached components, while allowing free rotation. Axial loading on pump shafts may be significant as discussed separately, and the bearing arrangement always includes some thrust capability. The bearings most commonly used are deep-groove single course of study ball bearings, and single or double row angular contact ball bearings. Pumps may be in overhung configuration, where the shaft is supported by bearings on one side only, or have a shaft that passes right throught the casing with bearings on both sides. Most slurry pumps are of the overhung design.The bearings are usually rolling-element, but plain journal bearings are sometimes used on larger pump sizes. The bearings must be lubricated by grease injection or oil bath and may need provisions for cooling as well. This may be by having a cooling water jacket integral with the bearing housing, or by pumping the lubricating oil through a heat exchanger and filter. Oil lubrication is usually recommended rather than grease, if speed exceeds 5000rpm (which is very rare in a slurry pump). Grease-packed bearings should have one third of the chamber filled with grease. Oil baths should be filled to the centre point of the lowest rolling element. Inadequate loading of bearings can result in the rolling elements glide over the race instead of rolling, and this can cause heating and failure. To avoid this, bearing assemblies are usually designed with an assembly configuration, including preload, that ensures all bearings carry some load.Frame and FoundationsFor large pumps that are directly connected (ie no vee-belt drive), the motor and pump are usually mounted on the same bed-plate, which is fixed to the foundations in a way sufficient for eliminating looseness and distortion. This eliminates some misalignment issues at the source. Foundations including bed-plates should be checked occasional ly for deterioration (corrosion, ground subsidence, concrete cracking, loose fasteners, missing secure etc), and the alignment between pump and motor should also be checked if there is any cause for concern.The framework should have provisions for drainage of any spillage and seal leakage etc, so that this does not become trapped and contribute to corrosion etc. Where pumps operate at high temperature (ie above around 100C) the pump casing should be supported at its axial centre-line, to help reduce thermal stresses. It is generally preferred that all suction and discharge piping have its own supports, so that the pump casing and foundations do not carry any significant static or dynamic piping loads, and so that pump components can be independently removed and replaced. Where this is not the case, extra pump and foundation attention may be needed at the design stage.Drive ArrangementMany drive arrangements are possible to suit the circumstances. Electric motor drive is the most po pular, followed by internal combustion engines. unsettled speed drives are sometimes necessary and often convenient, but always more expensive and less reliable. In minerals handling plants, slurry pumps are most often electric motor driven, with belt drives. Belt drives allow speeds to be changed through minor modifications ie pulley changes. Short, low head slurry system designs usually provide motors that are 10 to 20% oversized, to cater for any under-estimates in slurry or system characteristics such as viscosity and friction, and to allow for minor system modifications during the service life.InstrumentationPumps may be controlled to allow Variation of flow rate, pressure, liquid level Protection against damaging operating conditions Flexibility in matching pumping performance to duty For centrifugal pumps, control is usually accomplished by speed setting (including turning off/on), or valve setting. This may be manual or automatic. For slurries, control by throttling val ve is rare due to the wear rates that usually result. Typical instrumentation includes Tank / sump level switches Pressure sensors Flow sensors Density sensors In each case, protection from damage by the slurry is critical. This is commonly achieved by using sensors that do not need to contact the slurry eg nucleonic density sensors mounted outside the pipe, with source on one side and detector on the other. Ideally, it is good to have instrumentation available, either permanently mounted or portable, toVerify operation at BEP, by measuring the difference between suction and discharge pressureDetermine flowEnsure that NPSH is sufficient to prevent cavitationCompare flow to motor amperage, to identify when impeller adjustment is neededNeed to search more on valves for slurry applications.Notes on Material SelectionWhere there is some line up of parts coming into contact during pump operation, thought should be given towards minimising the damage that may result. An example of th is is at the wear-ring / impeller interface. Studies have shown that damage can be minimised by manufacturing adjacent components from materials that Are dissimilar, except where known to be resistant to adhesive wear and galling Have a difference in austereness of at least 10Rc, if either has hardness less than 45Rc Because it may be difficult to always prevent cavitation from occurring, impellers are usually made of cavitationresistant materials such as chrome-manganese austenitic stainless steel, carburised 12% chrome stainless steel, cast nickel-aluminium bronze, etc. Obviously corrosion resistance is another key choice factor that these materials satisfy. Slurry pumps are subject to heavy wear in the form of abrasion and erosion. The aggressiveness of the slurry is determined by the hardness of the particles in the slurry, their shape (rounded or sharp), the pulp density, and the size distribution.Slurries can become less aggressive as they travel through a minerals processin g plant as the sharp edges become rounded off. hurrying and angle of impingment are also very important factors affecting the resultant wear rates, with wear rate being proportional to velocity squared according to some references. The impingement angle associated with maximum wear rate seems to be dependent on the hardness and brittleness of the material being struck. For very hard / brittle materials it is between 65 and 90 degrees, while for more ductile materials it may be around 25 degrees. Pumps handling slurries with greater than 6mm particle size are usually lined with rubber. However, if impeller tip speed exceeds 28m/s, rubber becomes subject to thermal degradation, and this usually restricts the use of rubber to a maximum head of 30m per stage. metallic element lined pumps may be used up to 55m head per stage.For wet end components, materials that may be used to resist wear include Ni-resist, carburised and pugnacious 12% chromium steel, etc. White iron slurry pump comp onents, which includes Ni-Hard, are restricted to impeller tip speeds of about 36m/s to avoid maximum disc stresses. make components are softer but can run at higher speeds, up to a tip speed of 45m/s. Centrifugal pumps are subject to cyclic loads due to such things as imbalance, unbalanced radial forces, fluctuating axial thrust, the vibration induced as each vane passes the cut-point, and variations in upstream and downstream fluid pressure and flow. This sets the scene for fatigue loading, which becomes more of an issue if the slurry is corrosive. Fretting may occur between assembled components where looseness is allowed to develop.This is best avoided through the use of correct manufacturing dimensions and surface finishes, good fitting practice etc. The materials commonly used for pump components include Impellers (require castability, weldability, and resistance to corrosion, abrasion, and cavitation) o Bronze, for non-corrosive liquids below 120C o Nickel-aluminium bronze, f or higher speed and mildly corrosive applications o Cast iron, for small low-cost applications o Martensitic stainless steel, where added resistance to cavitation, wear, corrosion (other than salt water) or high temperatures may be required o Austenitic stainless steel (mostly cast 316 grade), where a higher level of corrosion resistance is needed. Austenitic stainless steel with 6% minute is often used for salt water pumping.Casings (require strength, castability and machinability, weldability, and resistance to corrosion and wear) o Cast iron o Cast steel, where extra strength is required ie for pressures above 6000kPa (1000psi) and temperatures above 175C. o Austenitic cast irons with 15 to 20% nickel (Ni-Resist) may be used where abrasion and corrosion are issues. o Bronze, for water applications o Stainless steel, where corrosion is a major issue martensitic for higher pressures in mildly corrosive fluids, austenitic for more aggressively corrosive fluids. Shafts (require resistance to fatigue and corrosion) o Mild steel, where corrosion and fatigue are minor issuesLow alloy steel such as 4140 for added strength Martensitic stainless steel, where added strength and corrosion resistance are needed Shafts are usually chrome-plated, and care is needed to avoid this adding to the fatigue susceptibility through microcracking and hydrogen embrittlement. Shafts can be shot-peened prior to plating, and heat-treated afterward to reduce these effects. Wear rings (require castability and machinability, and resistance to corrosion, abrasion and galling) o Bronze for clean liquids and temperatures up to 120C o Stainless steel for applications with abrasion, corrosion and high temperatures but steps must be taken to avoid galling should the rings come into contact eg increased clearances, hardness differences etc.o o oImpellers other than those made from martensitic stainless steel can usually be repaired by welding, although in some cases this needs to be follow ed by specific heat treatment processes. In all cases, more exotic (and expensive) materials may be used for specific applications. Material selection is often a balancing act between optimising purchase cost and maintenance / operations performance. Where high temperatures are involved, material selection must take into account differences in expansion rates. Unlined slurry pump impellers and casings are often made from abrasion-resistant cast irons as per ASTM A532, which includes Ni-Hard. These materials consist of a martensitic matrix with secondary hard phases of chrome and iron carbides that increase wear resistance.They cannot be machined or welded, and tend to be prone to corrosion, and breakage through mechanical impact and thermal shock. Brittleness may be reduced by annealing, but this reduces wear resistance. Slurry pump impellers and casings may be lined with softer materials like rubber, where high temperatures can be avoided. These can reduce wear rates by absorbing t he impact energy of the particles, while resisting corrosion. Problems may arise in attach of the rubber at the cut water point, and on the impeller. The lining reduces the thickness of the metal section of the component, so stronger materials are usually used eg steel rather than cast iron.Manufacturers develop their own specifications for ideal liner thicknesses based on experience, but one reference suggests a volute liner thickness of 4% to 6% of impeller diameter. Natural rubbers seem well suited for wear liners for use with slurries with less than 6mm particle size for the impeller, and 15mm particle size for the volute. Provided the base materials are suitable, patches of high wear on wet end parts can sometimes be repaired by welding / hard-facing. However, this increases the likelihood of cracking. Also if the welding results in unsteady surfaces in critical points, the added turbulence can accelerate further wear. Many types and styles of surface coating have been tried, with some success. These include thermal spray coatings, airing surface treatments, spraying and trowelling of epoxies, etc.